CO2 emissions from energy production and consumption are a major contributor to climate change. Thus, stabilising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by reducing these emissions is an increasingly urgent international necessity. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) represents one of the most promising potential solutions to contain emissions resulting from continued use of coal and other fossil fuels. This publication provides policymakers with a detailed summary of the main legal issues surrounding the CCS debate, including up-to-date background information, case studies and conclusions on the best legal and regulatory approaches to advance CCS. These strategies can be used to enable further development, deployment and demonstration of CCS technology, potentially an essential element in global efforts to mitigate climate change.
The International Energy Agency's 2011 comprehensive review of Norways energy policies and programmes. The review finds that Norway has a unique twin role as a major oil and gas producer and a strong global advocate of climate change mitigation. As the third-largest exporter of energy in the world, it contributes to global energy security by providing reliable supplies to consuming countries. At the same time, the Norwegians highly value environmental sustainability and the country is taking climate policy very seriously. Norway also manages its petroleum resources and revenue in a commendable way, setting a model for other countries. The challenge now for the government is to stimulate further increases in natural gas and petroleum production from safe and environmentally sustainable operations.
Norway's large potential for hydropower generation is an asset, as European electricity markets are integrating and variable renewable energy generation is set to increase. More cross-border interconnections are needed to realise the full potential of hydropower for balancing variations in demand and supply in the regional market. Increased interconnections would also improve electricity security in Norway in times of low hydropower availability. Gas-fired power plants should also be considered for use for the same purpose.
In order to meet its ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, Norway needs to step up efforts at home. Although the dominance of low-carbon electricity in the energy mix limits the scope for domestic measures, large potential for emission reductions remains in oil and gas production, manufacturing and transport. However, measures to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy should be carefully designed, because they often focus on electricity and would thus not reduce emissions. Recent large increases in spending on energy RD&D and ongoing efforts to develop carbon capture and storage are very welcome.
This book offers policy guidance to Thailand for fostering entrepreneurship and strengthening the performance of SMEs and their contribution to growth and development. It provides evidence-based analysis and policy recommendations on thematic issues such as access to finance for SMEs and entrepreneurs, SME participation in global markets, intellectual assets and innovation, high-growth SMEs and women's entrepreneurship.
The world appears to be emerging from the worst economic crisis in decades. Many countries have made pledges under the Copenhagen Accord to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. Commitments have also been made by the G-20 and APEC to phase out inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies. Are we, at last, on the path to a secure, reliable and environmentally sustainable energy system?
Updated projections of energy demand, production, trade and investment, fuel by fuel and region by region to 2035 are provided in the 2010 edition of the World Energy Outlook (WEO). It includes, for the first time, a new scenario that anticipates future actions by governments to meet the commitments they have made to tackle climate change and growing energy insecurity.
WEO-2010 shows:
· what more must be done and spent to achieve the goal of the Copenhagen Accord to limit the global temperature increase to 2°C and how these actions would impact on oil markets;
· how emerging economies - led by China and India - will increasingly shape the global energy landscape;
· what role renewables can play in a clean and secure energy future;
· what removing fossil-fuel subsidies would mean for energy markets, climate change and state budgets;
· the trends in Caspian energy markets and the implications for global energy supply;
· the prospects for unconventional oil; and · how to give the entire global population access to modern energy services.
With extensive data, projections and analysis, WEO-2010 provides invaluable insights into how the energy system could evolve over the next quarter of a century. The book is essential reading for anyone with a stake in the energy sector.
Electricity Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in the OECD electricity sector, including 2010 preliminary data. It provides an overview of the world electricity developments in 2009, covering world electricity and heat production, input fuel mix, supply and consumption, and electricity imports and exports. A greater focus is given to the 34 OECD countries with more detailed information covering production, installed capacity, input energy mix to electricity and heat production, consumption, electricity trades, input fuel prices and end-user electricity prices.
Dans le cadre des politiques de développement durable, la prise de décision en matière d'énergie doit s'appuyer sur des arbitrages soigneusement étudiés pour prendre en compte, autant que faire se peut, tous les avantages et les inconvénients des différentes options du point de vue économique, environnemental et social. Ce rapport examine les différents aspects de la chaîne nucléaire et d'autres chaînes de production d'électricité. Il donne pour chacune d'elles des exemples d'indicateurs quantitatifs et qualitatifs relatifs à la compétitivité économique, à l'impact environnemental (émissions atmosphériques et flux de déchets solides par exemple) et aux aspects sociaux (incidences sur l'emploi et la santé entre autres). Ce rapport intéressera les décideurs et les analystes des secteurs énergétique et électrique. Il contient des données qui font autorité et des références à des ouvrages publiés sur l'analyse des chaînes énergétiques qui peuvent servir de base à la prise de décision.
This volume contains data on the supply and consumption of coal, oil, natural gas, electricity, heat, renewables and waste presented as comprehensive energy balances expressed in million tonnes of oil equivalent. Complete data are available for 2008 and 2009 and supply estimates are available for the most recent year (i.e.2010). Historical tables summarise production, trade and final consumption data as well as key energy and economic indicators. The book also includes definitions of products and flows, explanatory notes on the individual country data and conversion factors from original units to energy units.
More detailed data in original units are published in the 2011 edition of Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, the sister volume of this publication.
In the context of sustainable development policies, decision making in the energy sector should be based on carefully designed trade-offs which take into account, insofar as feasible, all of the alternative options' advantages and drawbacks from the economic, environmental and social viewpoints. This report examines various aspects of nuclear and other energy chains for generating electricity, and provides illustrative examples of quantitative and qualitative indicators for those chains with regard to economic competitiveness, environmental burdens (such as air emissions and solid waste streams) and social aspects (including employment and health impacts). It offers authoritative data and references to published literature on energy chain analysis which can be used in support of decision making.
Coal Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in the world coal sector, including 2010 preliminary data. It provides a review of the world coal market in 2009, a statistical overview of developments, which covers world coal production and coal reserves, coal demand by type (hard, steam, coking), hard coal trade and hard coal prices. Shown in a tabular and graphic form, you'll find a more detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of historical and current coal developments in the 34 OECD member countries, by region and individually. There is for selected non-OECD countries summary statistics on hard coal supply and end-use statistics for about 40 countries and regions worldwide. Complete coal balances and coal trade data for selected years are presented on 16 major non-OECD coal-producing and -consuming countries.
A detailed reference work on gas supply and demand covering not only the OECD countries, but also the rest of the world, this publication contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas reserves, storage capacity and prices. The main part of the book however, concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed supply and demand balance for each country and for the three OECD regions, as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end user. Import and export data are reported by source and destination.
Quelle peut être la contribution du nucléaire à l'amélioration de la sécurité d'approvisionnement énergétique ? Cette étude, qui porte sur une sélection de pays membres de l'OCDE, confirme par une analyse qualitative et quantitative l'hypothèse souvent intuitive selon laquelle le nucléaire, en tant que source d'électricité en grande partie nationale à coûts stables et sans émissions de gaz à effet de serre lors de la production, aurait un effet positif à cet égard. Après une analyse du sens et du contexte de la sécurité d'approvisionnement, l'étude démontre, à l'aide d'indicateurs transparents et pertinents en termes de politique énergétique, que le nucléaire a largement contribué, en parallèle avec les économies d'énergie, à améliorer la sécurité d'approvisionnement énergétique dans les pays de l'OCDE au cours des 40 dernières années.
This volume reviews the state of the art in conducting sustainability assessments, including the range of methodologies and tools available. It describes current practice in OECD countries, as well as the continuing debate on quantifying and comparing diverse types of short- and long-term policy impacts.
This joint report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is the eighth in a series of studies on electricity generating costs. As policy makers work to ensure that the powesupply is reliable, secure and affordable, while making it increasingly clean and sustainable in the context of the debate on climate change, it is becoming more crucial that they understand what determines the relative cost of electricity generation using fossil fuel, nuclear or renewable sources of energy. A wide range of fuels and technologies are presented in the report, including natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, solar, onshore and offshore wind, biomass and biogas, geothermal, and combined heat and power, drawing on a database from surveys of investment and operating costs that include a larger number of countries than previous editions.
La Stratégie de l'OCDE pour une croissance verte vise à formuler des recommandations concrètes et à fournir des instruments de mesure, notamment des indicateurs, qui aideront les pays à engendrer la croissance économique et le développement, tout en veillant à ce que les actifs naturels continuent de fournir les ressources et les services environnementaux sur lesquels repose notre bien-être. La Stratégie propose un cadre d'action adaptable selon les spécificités nationales et le stade de développement des pays.
Ce rapport étudie divers aspects de la croissance verte dans les secteurs de l'agriculture et de la pêche.
The accelerator-driven system (ADS) is a potential transmutation system option as part of partitioning and transmutation strategies for radioactive waste in advanced nuclear fuel cycles. These proceedings contain all the technical papers presented at the workshop on Technology and Components of Accelerator-driven Systems held on 15-17 March 2010 in Karlsruhe, Germany. The workshop provided experts with a forum to present and discuss state-of-the-art developments in the field of ADS and neutron sources. It included a special session on the EUROTRANS as well as four technical sessions covering current ADS experiments and test facilities, accelerators, neutron sources and subcritical systems.
Cette édition 2009 des Données sur l'énergie nucléaire de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l´énergie nucléaire, une compilation annuelle de statistiques essentielles sur l'énergie nucléaire, décrit les projets de construction de centrales nucléaires et les développements dans le cycle du combustible et présente des projections de la puissance nucléaire installée dans les pays membres de l'OCDE jusqu'en 2035. Ce panorama complet de la situation actuelle et des tendances qui se dessinent dans divers secteurs du cycle du combustible nucléaire constitue l'ouvrage de référence pour les décideurs, les spécialistes et les chercheurs qui travaillent dans ce domaine.
